Linux Intro-3

Major Linux differences take 1: The file system

Probably the single most confusing thing for new Linux users is the file system. By this we mean the way files are stored, indexed and accessed on the hard drive and other media. If you've gotten used to the Microsoft Windows/DOS file systems (FAT32 and NTFS) you may be in for a bit of disorientation here. There are no familiar drive letters now, no c:, d:, etc. and no 'my computer' to provide a comforting overview of everything. The Linux virtual file system (VFS) works quite a bit differently; here's a quick overview:
In both Linux and Windows, the idea of the ROOT directory is important, though less so in Windows than in Linux. The ROOT is the base of your entire file system, the origin of all directories, etc. Now in Windows, every drive and piece of removable media has its own root directory, (c:, d:, e:, etc.) with folders and directories branching off it.
In Linux, there is one central ROOT directory and every device and file in the computer can be located somewhere branching off it. This is the Virtual File System, in which all devices and data (even drives using different file systems) are assembled together into one large branching directory.
Think of it like this. In windows, each drive is its own tree, with its branches being the files and folders contained within it. In Linux VFS, there is only one, much larger tree and everything (including hardware, drivers etc.) is contained somewhere within its branches.
When hard drives or removable media devices are added to a Windows system, a new drive letter is created (d:,e: etc.), and that drive letter is used to access and store data on that device.
When you add a new hard drive or removable media device to a Linux system, a directory is created (or activated) through which the data on that device can be accessed. This process is known as mounting the drive or device. Essentially, you tell the operating system that all the files on the device can be accessed by going to x directory. Like recent versions of Windows, most modern Linux variants (including the version of Knoppix we are using now) will perform this mounting operation automatically.
Now let's take a look at the directory structure of Linux and some of the more important built-in directories. Click the Konqueror browser program link on the taskbar ( a blue planet with metal spikes coming out of it)
In the address bar, type '/'

This brings you to the root of the Linux file system. The various directories pictured make up the entirety of the operating system and user files, including hardware drivers.